Salmonella enterica typhi Essay -- Medical Health Biology Essays

Salmonella enterica typhi Introduction: Worldwide, typhoid fever affects roughly 17 million people annually, causing nearly 600,000 deaths. The causative agent, Salmonella enterica typhi (referred to as Salmonella typhi from now on), is an obligate parasite that has no known natural reservoir outside of humans. Little is known about the historical emergence of human S. typhi infections, however it is thought to have caused the deaths of many famous figures such as British author and poet Rudyard Kipling, the inventor of the airplane, Wilbur Wright, and the Greek Empire’s Alexander the Great. The earliest recorded epidemic occurred in Jamestown, VA where it is thought that 6,000 people died of typhoid fever in the early 17th Century. This disease is rare in the United States and developed nations, but always poses the risk of emergence. History: Originally isolated in 1880 by Karl J. Erberth, S. typhi is a multi-organ pathogen that inhabits the lympathic tissues of the small intestine, liver, spleen, and bloodstream of infected humans. It is not known to infect animals and is most common in developing countries with poor sanitary systems and lack of antibiotics, putting travelers to Asia, Latin America, and Africa in a high risk group. Of the 266 people infected in the United States in 2002, approximately 70% had traveled internationally within 6 weeks of the onset of disease. Microbiological Characteristics: This gram-negative enteric bacillus belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a motile, facultative anaerobe that is susceptible to various antibiotics. Currently, 107 strains of this organism have been isolated, many containing varying metabolic characteristics, levels of virulence, and multi-drug r... ...asters have compromised sanitation. Although the incidence in the United States is very low, outbreaks and substantial epidemics still remain possible due to worldwide travel and unknowing carriers of the disease. The development of antibiotic treatments and several vaccines have presented the possibility of worldwide eradication. Until this is achieved, however, S. typhi and its characteristic typhoid fever will remain a threat for future epidemics. References Cited: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Health Canada: MSDS of Infectious Substances World Health Organization: Typhoid Fever Fact Sheet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Typhoid Fever Disease Information University of Florida Medical Micribiology and Infectious Diseases Department: Salmonella typhi Info Wikipedia.org: Typhoid Fever U. of Maryland Medical news: Typhoid Fever

Tobacco Smoking Among Teenagers: Issues and Remedies

SAMPLE OF ESSAY CIVIL ENGINEERING (100L) GST 113(philosophy and human existence) Review of the chapter one (1) of olusegun oladipo (thinking about philosophy) Philosophy is not easy to define because it is difficult to identify the subject matter of it, on like biology, political science and so on. Also we cannot say philosophical method, the way we talk of scientific method. But according to the preface of the book, philosophy is an intellectual Endeavour to acquire self knowledge.Three questions comes to mind and best summarize the intellectual Endeavour called philosophy, 1) formulation or construction of world view, 2) critical thinking and, 3) the rational, but non-scientific, quest for understanding. PHILOSOPHY AS WORLD VIEW – These are not arbitrary statement or products of fantasy. Rather they are products of reflection and speculation, which most people take for granted in their everyday lives. According to G. Chatalian, he conceived philosophy â€Å"essentially as t he pursuit of wisdom† and consequently, â€Å"the search for the guide to life. For a genuine philosopher, two things are required in this view, they are; Insight and Commitment to human well-being. Considering the handbook of Epictetus, 1) believing that what you have is yours and what you don’t have is on its own, you will have no enemies, life will go easy. 2) Do not seek life to go your own way instead let it happen as do happen and life will be easy. PHILOSOPHY AS CRITICAL THINKING – This entails that human knowledge is always partial.If this is the case then the best intellectual attitude is that which does not take any believe or assumption for granted, but is ready to examine the grounds for the validation of a belief or opinion that is presented as being true or possible. It is this attitude that the philosophical activities of critical thinking promotes. THE ENTERPRISE OF PHILOSOPHER – According to Dilthey, â€Å"the philosophic spirit† i s both critical and reconstructive. Philosophers use or dominate their expertise by addressing certain questions, typically called philosophical questions.These questions are beyond the scope of specific areas of knowledge. The primary goal of philosopher in addressing these questions is, in the manner of Socrates. Thus, philosophy is a kind of a rational inquiry that begins in doubt and ends in the generation of beliefs. TOOLS OF PHILOSOPHY – LANGUAGE and LOGIC are the two key tools of philosophy. According to A. J. Ayer’s point, language is the means to the achievement of the kind of clarity of thought without which the philosophical enterprise can hardly succeed language matters in philosophy because much of what philosophers do involves conceptual elucidation.Logic also matters in the enterprise because much of philosophy has to do with providing good reasons for our view or positions. Secondly it is important because philosophers are generally concerns with the lo gical assessment of arguments. USE OF PHILOSOPHY – â€Å"Elevation† of mankind. The elevation as used in the context can be defined in terms of; enlightenment, open-mindedness, breading of sensibility and so on.Also, it stimulates people to think about the basic problems of existence as they affect them as individuals and as social collectives. PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT – philosophy has a very importance role to play in the production, clarification and propagation of the ideas and values guiding the thought and life of people. Also it promotes the kind of self understanding that would provide some basic for determining the kind of social-cultural that will enable Africans with the challenges of contemporary life.

What Was Cubism And Fauvism - 853 Words

What is Cubism and Fauvism? Well, lets start with Cubism first. Cubism is a style of modern art developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. These two artist were always working with each other very closely, so closely that their paintings were almost indistinguishable in who the artist was. Fauvism on the other hand, â€Å"was the first of the avant-garde movements that flourished in France in the early years of the twentieth century† (Rewald, Hilbrunn Timeline of Art History). Fauvism was first portrayed by Henri Matisse and also shown somewhat in the paints of Van Gogh’s. So what is the different between Cubism and Fauvism? Many characteristics separate Cubism from Fauvism, such as: multiple angles, reconstruct objects, flattened space and geometric blocks of color. There are also many characteristics that separate Fauvism from Cubism, such as: sketchy brushwork, explosive colors, impulsive brushwork, and having themes of modern urban alienation. Some of the artis ts of Cubism and the paintings that we learned about are Pablo Picasso and his House on the Hill, and Georges Braque and his Violin and Palette. These paintings are easier on the eye compared to Fauvism. Fauvism has a more bold personality and can sometimes be harsh on the eyes. Artists of Fauvism include Henri Matisse and Van Gogh. Henri Matisse most famous Fauvism painting that the book talked about was The Joy of Life (Le Bonheur de vivre). This painting is full of colors exploding across the canvas. The Joy ofShow MoreRelatedModernized Art Forms and Styles Essay examples986 Words   |  4 Pagescalled, had a profound impact on the Arts and Architecture. Gone was the old romanticism and symbolism that had dominated the 19th-entury earlier. Instead, Artists around the world started to incorporate the emerging geometrics of technology into their art. Cubism, Futurism, Fauvism, Nonobjective art, and the International Style are all examples of art forms and styles that adapted the a bstract geometrics that technology offered. Cubism is an art form movement that helped shape early 20th centuryRead MoreEssay on Pablo Picassos Head of a Woman1058 Words   |  5 Pagesa Woman (Fernande). It was made in 1909 when he was in Paris. When he made this sculpture he was in the cubism period. Picasso sculpted this sculpture of bronze. While looking at this sculpture it is transformed every time you move your own head, walk around it, and bend closer. It just has a way of changing shape. While looking at it, it first appeared to me as a man or some kind of creature. Looking at the name, one would realize what the sculpture is. The sculpture was a woman. It has a lot ofRead MoreArt Forever Changed By World War I901 Words   |  4 Pages chopped-up perspective and nightmarish visions of fractured human bodies† (Johnson). 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Cubism represents an art movement in which geometric shapes are manipulatedRead More Effect Of Postimpressionists On The Next Generation Essay5119 Words   |  21 PagesPostimpressionism Postimpressionism was a movement in late-19th-century French painting that emphasized the artists personal response to a subject. Postimpressionism takes its name from an art movement that immediately preceded it: Impressionism. But whereas impressionist painters concentrated on the depiction of a subjects immediate appearance, postimpressionists focused on emotional or spiritual meanings that the subject might convey. Although impressionist artists interpreted what they saw, their approachRead More Cubism Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesCubism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the twentieth century, art was recognized as an imitation of nature. Paintings and portraits were made to look as realistic and three-dimensional as possible, as if seen through a window. Artists were painting in the flamboyant fauvism style. French postimpressionist Paul Cà ©zannes flattened still lives, and African sculptures gained in popularity in Western Europe when artists went looking for a new way of showing their ideas and expressing their views. In 1907 Pablo PicassoRead MoreDadaism Art763 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Dadaism? According to artinthepicture.com, Dadaism is an art movement from the post World War 1 era (/www.artinthepicture.com). Dadaism was founded by an author named Hugo Ball in 1916 (www.tate.org.uk). Dadaism is more than paintings and drawings. Dadaism can be anything from visual arts, literature, and theatrical performances (www.artinthepicture.com). I like Dadaism because it is art that makes people think about the question w hat is art in a way that other art styles do not. The pointRead MorePage 1: Home. Pablo Picasso. The Impact Of Pablo Picasso1733 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to making modern art what it is today. What made Picasso revolutionary was his ability in many art forms. He is also notable for being very flighty in his professional life, sticking with one philosophy for a few years, only to start do the complete opposite the next day. These changes often corresponded with his personal life. Art historians often classify these constant changes into four major phases: Blue Period, Rose Period, African Period, and Cubism. This website will show the differencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Cezannes The Large Bathers843 Words   |  4 Pagesimplications of Cà ©zanne’s  art. This essay will discuss how both Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon  are considered as inspired by and breaking free of The Large Bathers. Paul Cezanne’s painting â€Å"The Large Bathers† was his last and arguably his greatest work. Cezanne labored on this painting for seven years. The subject is a group of women bathing by a river. The canvas recalls the characteristic of the Impressionism: the figures are remarkably unfinished; faces andRead MoreHumn 303 Introduction to Humanities Entire Course Essay1920 Words   |  8 Pagese-course/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) HUMN 303 Week 1 DQ 1 The Value of the Humanities What is the value of studying the humanities in a business or technical curriculum? How might a topic such as ancient art enhance contemporary life? HUMN 303 Week 1 DQ 2 Ancient Works of Art Choose a work of art from the reading in Chapter 1. Discuss